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Meso gods

The dingir is a pantheon of gods and goddesses of the various Mesopotamian cultures.

Overview[]

They were the first gods worshipped by humanity and guided the first major civilizations, such as Sumer, Akkad, Babylon and Assyria. The most famous of these deities were the Igigi, who were among the most highly regarded gods of the pantheon, though others were also worshipped.

Originally the Dingir ruled over the various cities of Sumer, each ruling over a specific city: the high-king Enlil ruled over Nippur, while Enki ruled over Eridu, Nanna over Ur and Inanna over Uruk. These gods ruled over their human-subjects, being responsible for both blessing and cursing them, based on the occasion.

As the Sumerian civilization disappeared, two new cultures emerged in Mesopotamia: the Babylonians and Assyrians. The Dingir started to chose sides among these people and over the centuries two mighty factions emerged: the gods of Babylonia led by the Marduk, the killer of Tiamat, and consisted notably of Nabu, Zarpanitu, Asalluḫi and Ea, while the gods of Assyria were led by the mysterious Ashur, backed by Ishtar, Ninurta and Adad. Anu became more distant gods in this time, while Ereshkigal and Nergal remained in the underworld.

Dingir by Classification[]

Igigi[]

  • An - God of the sky
  • Enlil - God of the air and wind, later Ashur, Patron of Assyria
  • Enki - God of water, wisdom and magic
  • Ninhursag - Goddess of the earth and fertility, mother goddess
  • Nanna - God of the Moon
  • Utu - God of the Sun and justice
  • Inanna - Goddess of War, Political Power, Sex, Love and the Morning Star

Primary Gods[]

  • Marduk - Patron of Babylon, later king of the gods
  • Ninurta - God of War and Agriculture
  • Nabu - God of writing and knowledge
  • Ereshkigal - Goddess of the underworld
  • Nergal - God of the Underworld, Plague, Death and Violent Warfare
  • Tammuz - God of Shepherds
  • Adad - God of Thunder
  • Ninlil - Goddess of the Wind
  • Nanaya - Goddess of Warfare, Voluptuousness and Sexuality

Lesser Gods[]

  • Apkallu - Teachers of Civilization
  • Sukkal - the Viziers of the gods
    • Kakka - Vizier of An
    • Papsukkal - Vizier of An
    • Ilabrat - Vizier of An
    • Nuska - Vizier of Enlil
    • Isimud - Vizier of Enki
    • Ninshubur - Vizier of Inanna
    • Zaqar -Vizier of Nanna
  • Lamassu - Throne guardians

Primeval Entities[]

  • Tiamat - Primordial Mother of the Gods/First Enemy
  • Abzu - Primordial Father of the Gods
  • Kingu - Rival God/Enemy of Marduk
  • Anzu - Apostate Throne Guardian/Enemy of Ninurta
  • Pazuzu - Wind Demon
  • Lamashtu - Demoness
  • Gallu - Underworld Demons
  • Udug - Underworld Demons